Attractions
UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Sri Lanka
The World Heritage List compiled by UNESCO of places that are considered part of the world’s heritage which should be protected, includes eight remarkable attractions in Sri Lanka. These are the ruins of the ancient kingdom of Anuradhapura, which flourished from the 5th century BC until the 10th century; the ruins of the successor kingdom, Polonnaruwa (9th to 14th century) and the incredible Sigiriya Rock, which became a fortress in the 5th century.
The entire city of Kandy (the seat of kings from the 16th to the 19th century) with its revered temple is a World Heritage site as is the Dambulla caves and temple dating from the 1st century BC. Galle Fort begun by the Portuguese in 1588, is number 200 on UNESCO’s list. There are two natural landmarks on the list: the Sinharaja Forest Reserve and the Central Highlands (Peak Wilderness, Horton Plains, and the Knuckles Conservation Forest.)
Sacred Kingdom of Anuradhapura
The ancient city of Anuradhapura is not just a destination, it's a time machine. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982, this city with historic relics was once the capital of Sri Lanka for over 1,400 years. If you’re someone who loves history, spirituality, or simply marveling at ancient human achievement, Anuradhapura is a place that will leave you in awe.
History
King Pandukabhaya first transformed this area into a city. He wasn’t just building roads and houses, he was laying the foundation for one of the most remarkable civilizations in the ancient world. In the 3rd century BC King Devanampiya Tissa brought Buddhism to Sri Lanka, which forever changed the cultural and spiritual identity of the island.
One of the most important monuments from this era is the sacred Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, a sapling of the very tree under which the Lord Buddha attained enlightenment.
Architectural Wonders
If you’ve ever been amazed by the cathedrals of Europe or the pyramids of Egypt, Anuradhapura will blow you away with its own architectural masterpieces. The Ruwanwelisaya Stupa, a large white dome that seems to kiss the sky, built by King Dutugemunu in the 2nd century BC. It’s not only about size, it’s about the precision and devotion that went into its construction.
Jetavanaramaya Stupa, which was one of the tallest structures in the ancient world. At over 400 feet high, it shows the ambition and spiritual dedication of Sri Lanka’s ancient kings.
A Hub of Spirituality and Learning
Anuradhapura wasn’t just about kings and their architectural marvels, this city was also a hub of learning, faith, and community. The Abhayagiri Vihara which is also situated in Anuradhapura was more than just a monastery; it was an ancient university. Thousands of monks gathered here to study, meditate, and teach. Even today, Anuradhapura remains a pilgrimage site for Buddhists from around the world.
Tips for Visiting Anuradhapura
If you’re planning a trip, here are a few tips to make the most of your visit:
Wear Comfortable Shoes: Exploring the ruins involves a fair bit of walking, so be prepared to cover some ground.
Start Early: The mornings are cooler, it gets really hot in Anuradhapura at noon and you’ll have a better chance to enjoy the sites without the midday crowds, both local and foreign alike.
Respect the Culture: Dress modestly, especially when visiting sacred sites, and always remove your shoes before entering temples or stupas.
Hire a Guide: A knowledgeable local guide can bring the history to life with fascinating stories and details you might otherwise miss.
Pack Snacks and Water: There are some vendors near the main sites but it’s always good to have your essentials on hand.
Ancient City of Polonnaruwa
This medieval city rose to fame as the capital (10th – 12th century AD) after the decline of Anuradhapura
Ancient City of Sigiriya
This spectacular Rock Fortress is one of Sri Lanka’s major attractions. The most impressive facets of the unique complex are the Water Gardens.
