Polonnaruwa is located in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province. As Sri Lanka's second capital, Polonnaruwa holds a special place in the hearts of locals and history buffs alike. And for good reason: every stone, statue, and stupa has a tale to share.

The Rise of Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa rose to prominence around the 10th century. The invading Chola dynasty from South India chose it as their capital after defeating Anuradhapura until in 1070 King Vijayabahu I reclaimed the city and gave it back to the Sinhalese people.

King Parakramabahu I in the 12th century built reservoirs, or "wewas," that turned Sri Lanka into an agricultural powerhouse. To this day, the massive Parakrama Samudraya (Sea of Parakrama) reservoir stands as a symbol of his genius and dedication to sustainability.

Monuments

The Royal Palace complex is a marvel, even in its ruined state. The Vatadage, a circular relic house, steals the show here with its intricate stone carvings. It’s the kind of place where you can sit quietly and feel the weight and vibes of centuries pressing around you.

The most prominent monument in Polonnaruwa is the Gal Vihara, a set of Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock. Each figure: the seated Buddha, the reclining Buddha, and the standing Buddha ,seems to radiate serenity. 

Tips for Exploring Polonnaruwa

If you’re planning a visit (and you absolutely should!), here are some tips to make the most of your trip:

• Rent a Bike: The archaeological park is huge, and biking is the best way to explore it. Plus, the gentle breeze as you pedal through history is unbeatable.
• Start Early: Sri Lanka’s midday sun can be intense. Beat the heat and the crowds by starting your adventure at sunrise.
• Hire a Guide: Sure, the ruins are amazing to look at, but a guide can bring the history to life with fascinating stories and insights.
• Respect the Culture: Many of the sites are still considered sacred, so dress modestly and always remove your shoes before entering temples or stupas.
• Take Your Time: Polonnaruwa isn’t the kind of place you rush through. Pause, sit under a shady tree, and let the ancient atmosphere soak in.